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Contents. Background A telephone rings when the telephone network indicates an incoming call, so that the recipient is alerted of the call attempt. Telephones typically receive an electric alternating current signal, called power ringing or ringing signal, generated by the to which the telephone is connected. The ringing current originally operated an. For mobile phones, the network sends a message to the recipient's device, which may activate a sound, or a visual or vibrating indication. On a interface, this signal is created by superimposing ringing voltage atop the −48 VDC already on the line. This is done at the Central Office, or a neighborhood multiplexer called a 'SLC' for Subscriber Line Carrier.
(SLC is a trademark of Alcatel-Lucent, but is often used generically.) Telephones with electromagnetic ringers are still in widespread use. The ringing signal in North America is normally specified at ca. 90 AC with a frequency of 20. In Europe it is around 60–90 VAC with a frequency of 25 Hz. Some non- system party lines in the US used multiple frequencies for selective ringing. Ringing voltage is produced by various sources.
Large central offices used motor-driven generator sets for both ringing and other signals such as dial tone and busy signals. In smaller offices, special sub-cycle magnetic oscillators were used. Typically, solid-state oscillators have replaced them. Originally this voltage was used to trigger an electromagnet to ring a bell installed inside the telephone, or in a near-by mounted ringer box. Of the late 20th century and later detect this ringing current voltage and trigger a warbling tone electronically.
Mobile phones have been fully digital since the early 1990s second-generation ('2G') devices, hence are signaled to ring as part of the protocol they use to communicate with the cell base stations. While the sound produced is still called a 'ring', more-recently manufactured telephones electronically produce a warbling, or other sound. Variation of the ring signal can be used to indicate characteristics of incoming calls. For example, ringing bursts with a shorter interval between them might be used to signal a call from a given number. In POTS switching systems, ringing is said to be 'tripped' when the impedance of the line reduces to about 600 when the telephone handset is lifted off the switch-hook.
This signals that the telephone call has been answered, and the telephone exchange immediately removes the ringing signal from the line and connects the call. This is the source of the name of the problem called 'ring-trip' or 'pre-trip', which occurs when the ringing signal on the line encounters excessively low resistance between the conductors, which trips the ring before the subscriber's actual telephone has a chance to ring (for more than a very short time); this is common with wet connections and improperly installed lines. The ringing pattern is known as ring cadence.
This only applies to POTS fixed phones, where the high voltage ring signal is switched on and off to create the ringing pattern. In North America, the standard ring cadence is '2-4', or two seconds of ringing followed by four seconds of silence. In Australia and the UK, the standard ring cadence is 400 ms on, 200 ms off, 400 ms on, 2000 ms off. These patterns may vary from region to region, and other patterns are used in different countries around the world.
Some central offices offer to identify which of multiple numbers on the same line is being called, a pattern once widely used on. In many systems, including North America standards, signals are sent during the silent interval between the first and second bursts of the ringing signals.
The caller is informed about the progress of the call by the audible ringing signal, often called. Power ringing and audible ringing are not synchronized. History AT&T offered seven different gong combinations for the 'C' type ringer found in the model and landline telephone sets. These gongs provided 'distinctive tones' for hearing-impaired customers and also made it possible to distinguish the specific telephone that was ringing when several telephones were placed in close proximity.
A 'Bell Chime' was also offered, which could be set to sound like a doorbell or to ring like a standard telephone. While rings, ringers, ring signals, or what might be viewed as the call signals which are the predecessors of ringtones, date back to the beginnings of telephony, modern ringtones appeared in the 1960s and have expanded into tunes and many customizable tones or melodies. Arguably the first ringtone (in the modern sense) appeared in the movie in 1966, where the head of the secret government agency had a red phone that connected directly to the President and rang with a distinctive musical ringtone.
A tone ringer IC: SAA 1094 Following a 1975 to be connected to phone lines, manufacturers produced accessory telephone ringers which rang with electronic tones or melodies rather than mechanical bells. People also made their own ringers which used the chip from a musical to play a melody on the arrival of a call. One such ringer, described in a 1989 book, even features a toy dog which barks and wags its tail when a call arrives. Eventually, electronic telephone ringers became the norm. Some of these ringers produced a single tone, but others produced a sequence of two or three tones or a musical melody. Some novelty phones have a ringer to match, such as a duck that quacks or a car that honks its horn. The first commercial mobile phone with customizable ring tones was the Digital Mova N103 Hyper by, released in May 1996.
It had a few preset songs in format. In September 1996, the current, sold Digital Minimo D319. It was the first mobile phone where a user could input an original melody, rather than the preset songs. These phones proved to be popular in Japan: a book published in 1998 providing details about how to customize phones to play snippets of popular songs sold more than 3.5 million copies. The first downloadable mobile ring tone service was created and delivered in Finland in 1998 when (a Finnish mobile operator now known as ) started their service called Harmonium, invented by Vesa-Matti Pananen. Harmonium contained both tools for individuals to create monophonic ring tones and a mechanism to deliver them over-the-air (OTA) via to a mobile handset. On November 1998, Digitalphone Groupe started a similar service in Japan.
Generation software A ring tone maker is an application that converts a user chosen song or other audio file for use as a ringtone of a mobile phone. The ringtone file is installed in the mobile phone either by direct cable connection, Bluetooth, text messaging, or e-mail. Many websites also let users create ring tones from or audio. The earliest ringtone maker was Harmonium, developed by Vesa-Matti Paananen, a Finnish computer programmer, and released in 1997 for use with smart messaging. Andy Clarke, while working for UK Phone Provider Orange, helped created the B5 Ringtone License with the UK's in 1998.
In 1999, Clarke registered ringtone.net and setup what is believed to be the world's first 'legal' ringtone business. Scott Memphis, leader singer of Sunday Morning Sanctuary, wrote a 2010 hit entitled, 'Ringtones & Lullabies' inspired by with the B5 Ringtone Licensing of 1998. Some providers have features for users to create music tones, either with a 'melody composer' or a sample/loop arranger, such as the MusicDJ in many Sony Ericsson phones. These often use encoding formats only available to one particular phone model or brand. Other formats, such as MIDI or MP3, are often supported; they must be downloaded to the phone before they can be used as a normal ring tone. When someone buys a ringtone, an aggregator (a company that sells ringtones) either creates the tune or mixes a pre-existing tune.
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The ringtone is sent in a special file format to the phone via SMS. If the company uses a pre-existing song, they must pay royalties to a licensing agency. A significant portion goes to the cell phone provider. In 2005, 'SmashTheTones', now ', became the first third-party solution for ring tone creation online without requiring downloadable software or a. Later, Apple’s iPhone let users create a ringtone from any song purchased for the phone’s iTunes library Commercial sales The fact that consumers are willing to pay up to $3 for ringtones has made a profitable part of the. The Manhattan-based marketing and consulting firm estimated ringtones generated $4 billion in worldwide sales in 2004. According to magazine, ring tones generated more than $2 billion in worldwide sales during 2005.
The rise of sound files also contributed to the popularization of ringtones. In 2003 for example, the Japanese ringtone market, which alone was worth US $900 million, experienced US $66.4 million worth of sound file ringtone sales. In 2003, the global ringtone industry was worth somewhere between US $2.5 and US $3.5 billion. In 2009, the research firm SNL Kagan estimated that sales of ringtones in the United States peaked at $714 million in 2007. SNL Kagan estimated U.S.
Sales in 2008 declined to $541 million, due in part to consumers having learned to create ringtones themselves. Types. Monophonic: The original ringtones play only one note at a time. Polyphonic: A polyphonic ring tone can consist of several notes at a time. The first polyphonic ring tones used methods such as. Such recordings specify what synthetic instrument should play a note at a given time, and the actual instrument sound is dependent upon the playback device. Later, synthesized instruments could be included along with the composition data, which allowed for more varied sounds beyond the built-in sound bank of each phone.
truetone: A, also known as realtone, mastertone, superphonic ringtone, is an, typically in a common format such as. Truetones, which are often excerpts from songs, have become popular as ring tones. The first truetone service was started by au in December 2002. ' by was the first song to be distributed as a truetone.
Sing tone: A sing tone is a ring tone created in style, combining a user’s recorded voice with a. Encoding formats.: A multimedia container format that can be used for a. Defined by the Third Generation Partnership Project for 3G UMTS multimedia services. It is used on 3G mobile phones and may be used for but can also be played on some 2G and 4G phones.: Some phones like the Sony Ericsson support ring tones in '.m4a' AAC format. The supports ring tones in '.m4r' AAC format. The '.m4r' format is exactly the same as the '.m4a' format other than the possibility of including DRM style copy protection in an '.m4r' file.: Audio compression format specialized in speech used by Nokia before mp3 became standard.: Smartphones that play FLAC audio files out-of-the-box such as and -powered ones often allow FLAC files to be set as ringtones.: Older Ericsson format.: Most new phones that don't do Nokia's Smart Messaging are using this format. KWS: Kyocera's ringer format.
MID /: Popular sound format. Morse code: Text files with a.MORSE extension get converted into morse code songs.
MOT: An older ringer format for Motorola phones.: Most phones support ring tones that are mp3 format. (MML), originally used in early computer and video games, later used in implementations and ringtones.
/ / OTT: Nokia format. Nokia phones can receive ring tones as a text message. Ring tone tools can create these text messages.
This allows anyone with a compatible phone to load their own ring tones in without a data cable. There are other phones besides Nokia that use this.: default on powered phones.: Palm database.
This is the format used to load ring tones on PDA phones such as the Kyocera 6035 and the Handspring Treo. PMD: Format co-created by Qualcomm and Japanese company Faith which can include, sampled audio, static graphics, animation, text, vibration and LED events.: File format generated by software. Especially well-suited for simple vocal recordings.: A popular text format for ring tones. RTX: Similar to RTTTL with some advanced features. Also the octaves are different on RTX. Samsung1 & Samsung2: Samsung keypress format.
Siemens Keypress: Can create and read in a Siemens text file format. Siemens SEO: Siemens SEO binary format.: Yamaha music format that combines MIDI with instrument sound data (aka ). Filenames have the extension 'MMF' or 'MLD'. SRT: Sipura ringtone for VoIP phones. References. Online Etymology Dictionary.
Douglas Harper. Retrieved 26 October 2016 – via Dictionary.com. Meaning 'a call on the telephone' is from 1900; to give (someone) a ring 'call on the telephone' was in use by 1910. Meaning 'a ringing tone' is from 1620s; specifically 'the ringing sound made by a telephone' by 1951. AT&T, Bell System Practices, Section 501-250-303 Issue 4, C-Type Ringers—Maintenance., Sept. Sokolowski, Steve (1989). 'Customize Your Phone', Ch.
8 'Telephone Melody Ringer'. TAB Books, Blue Ridge Summit, PA. Sokolowski, Steve (1989). 'Customize Your Phone', Ch. 20 'Animated Telephone Ringer'. TAB Books, Blue Ridge Summit, PA.
Bigelow, Carr and Winder (2001). 'Understanding Telephone Electronics', Fourth Edition. (in Japanese), retrieved on September 6, 2008.
ケータイ着メロ ドレミBOOK Mobile Ringtones Do-Re-Mi Book (in Japanese)., a June 4, 2004 press release from the. ^, a 2005 article from. ^ Gopinath, Sumanth (2005).
First Monday. Retrieved 28 November 2012. 2012-06-30 at from SendMe Mobile. ^ Greg Sandoval (September 3, 2009). Mehta, Stephanie N.
(December 12, 2005)., an August 5, 2009 press release published on the magazine website. (in Japanese) on KDDI (au) official website, retrieved on September 7, 2008 External links Look up in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
from (old article, deals with monophonic ringtones). Consumer guide to ring tones, from Utility Consumers' Action Network (UCAN).